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A1.1-1.7 Physical development at each life stage Typeit
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Ageing may cause a deterioration of health in later adulthood. There may be a decline in bodily . Physical changes associated with ageing can potentially be reduced by following a healthy . However, some may occur simply because there may be a limit to how many times cells can repair themselves. One example of of health is an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. It can be quite common for cholesterol to build up in the walls of the blood vessels in the heart over time, clogging them up. This is known as . This can increase the risk of strokes and heart attacks. The risks can be increased by poor lifestyle choices such as being obese, smoking and lack of .
Once individuals reach middle adulthood, it is common to experience degeneration of the sense organs due to ageing. This includes hearing, vision, taste, , smell and sense of balance. For example, eyesight becomes weaker and the lenses of the eye can become hard and cloudy and form cataracts, which cause blurred . An increase in fluid pressure within the eye, which can damage the optic nerve and can also cause blurry vision and eye pain, is called . Hearing loss can occur as an increase in wax in the outer ear can block sound transmission, and loss of sensitivity of nerve cells in the inner ear decreases the ability to hear high- sounds.
From middle adulthood onwards, there is wear and tear of the joints as the protective cartilage at the ends of joints breaks down, and many people in late adulthood experience pain and stiffness in the hips, knees, neck, lower back, hands or feet. This condition is known as . Osteoporosis, a condition in which the bones become less dense, may also be experienced by older people, particularly women, and it can make the bones more fragile and liable to fracture.
Into later adulthood, the skin becomes thinner, less elastic and tears more easily due to a lack of , elastin and fat. Additionally, brain cells gradually lose function, which can contribute to decline.