Polymers, carbohydrates and lipids GapFill

Units Monomers Unimers Enzymes are small molecules which join together to form polymers. Some examples include:

fatty acids glycerides monocarbs monosaccharides , which form carbohydrates

amino acids, which form nitrates amides nucleic acids proteins

chromosomes nucleotides ribosomes phosphates , which form DNA and RNA

Molecules often join together in gluconeogenesis merging condensation hydrolysis reactions, and can be separated by liquidation hydrolysis dissolution condensation under the action of water.

There is a range of different carbohydrates used in nature, but many are based on the six-carbon sugar glucose lactose maltose fructose , which comes in both an alpha form and a beta form. When two of these molecules form a glycosidic a glycogenic an ester a sucrosic bond, the disaccharide maltose is formed. Alternatively, sucrose is formed when glucose and lactose glucose and galactose fructose and lactose glucose and fructose join. An example of a longer carbohydrate, called a polysaccharide, is starch glycogen amylopectin saccharose , which is used as a storage molecule in animals because it is highly branched and insoluble.

Proteins Non-reducing sugars Lipids Reducing sugars , which can be identified with a positive result of the emulsion test, are also good storage molecules. Triglycerides consist of a glycine cellulose starch glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids by ester bonds. Diglycerides Alkenes Phospholipids Alkanes are similar structures, but one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group, which means they are polar acidic unsaturated hydrophobic molecules. They form a droplet bilayer helix suspension in cell membranes, with the fatty acids facing away from the water.