Cell structure and microscopy GapFill

All living organisms, no matter how big or small, are made of  cellsorgansamino acidscarbohydrates. Animals and plants have different kinds of cells, although they share many features, including both having a nucleus and a cell  organwallmembranechannel for controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

Cells that contain a nucleus are known as  eukaryotesvirusesprokaryotesfungi. Other types of cells, that do not contain a nucleus, are known as  ribosomeseukaryotesprokaryotesplasmids, and these are generally much smaller on average. An example of this type of cell is a bacterium. The genetic material in bacterial cells takes the form of  nuclear DNAchromosomal DNAchloroplastsmitochondria or plasmid DNA.

Some structures are present in plant cells that are not found in animal cells. These include a  nucleuscell wallcell membranemitochondrion, which provides strength to the cells, and  chloroplastsmitochondriaribosomesnucleosomes, which are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells. In order to supply energy, plant and animal cells both contain a number of  chloroplastsvacuolesmitochondriacell membranes. They can provide energy for making proteins, which takes place on  ribosomescell membranesnucleichloroplasts.

The cells inside an organism perform many different roles. They must become  largerspecialisedidenticalsmaller in order to perform these roles. Examples include  spermphloemxylemnerve cells, which are the male reproductive cells, and ciliated epithelial cells, which have  large nucleismall vacuolesthick cell wallshair-like extensions to waft substances along.

In order to view cells, either  a protona microwavean X-rayan electron or a light  telescopecolorimeterinstrumentmicroscope can be used. Both are capable of magnifying cells, but the first type is capable of much higher magnification and  accuracyresolutionspecialisationcolour, so finer details can be observed.