Polymers, carbohydrates and lipids GapFill

 MonomersUnimersEnzymesUnits are small molecules which join together to form polymers. Some examples include:

Molecules often join together in  condensationgluconeogenesismerginghydrolysis reactions, and can be separated by  condensationhydrolysisliquidationdissolution under the action of water.

There is a range of different carbohydrates used in nature, but many are based on the six-carbon sugar  glucoselactosefructosemaltose, which comes in both an alpha form and a beta form. When two of these molecules form  an estera glycosidica glycogenica sucrosic bond, the disaccharide maltose is formed. Alternatively, sucrose is formed when  fructose and lactoseglucose and lactoseglucose and fructoseglucose and galactose join. An example of a longer carbohydrate, called a polysaccharide, is  starchsaccharoseglycogenamylopectin, which is used as a storage molecule in animals because it is highly branched and insoluble.

 Reducing sugarsProteinsLipidsNon-reducing sugars, which can be identified with a positive result of the emulsion test, are also good storage molecules. Triglycerides consist of a  glycerolglycinecellulosestarch molecule bonded to three fatty acids by ester bonds.  AlkanesDiglyceridesAlkenesPhospholipids are similar structures, but one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group, which means they are  hydrophobicacidicunsaturatedpolar molecules. They form a  helixbilayersuspensiondroplet in cell membranes, with the fatty acids facing away from the water.