Polymers, carbohydrates and lipids GapFill

 EnzymesMonomersUnitsUnimers are small molecules which join together to form polymers. Some examples include:

Molecules often join together in  condensationmerginggluconeogenesishydrolysis reactions, and can be separated by  liquidationdissolutionhydrolysiscondensation under the action of water.

There is a range of different carbohydrates used in nature, but many are based on the six-carbon sugar  lactosemaltosefructoseglucose, which comes in both an alpha form and a beta form. When two of these molecules form  a glycogenica sucrosican estera glycosidic bond, the disaccharide maltose is formed. Alternatively, sucrose is formed when  glucose and lactoseglucose and fructoseglucose and galactosefructose and lactose join. An example of a longer carbohydrate, called a polysaccharide, is  starchamylopectinsaccharoseglycogen, which is used as a storage molecule in animals because it is highly branched and insoluble.

 ProteinsLipidsReducing sugarsNon-reducing sugars, which can be identified with a positive result of the emulsion test, are also good storage molecules. Triglycerides consist of a  celluloseglycerolstarchglycine molecule bonded to three fatty acids by ester bonds.  AlkenesDiglyceridesPhospholipidsAlkanes are similar structures, but one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group, which means they are  unsaturatedhydrophobicacidicpolar molecules. They form a  bilayersuspensiondroplethelix in cell membranes, with the fatty acids facing away from the water.