Polymers, carbohydrates and lipids GapFill

 UnitsEnzymesUnimersMonomers are small molecules which join together to form polymers. Some examples include:

Molecules often join together in  condensationgluconeogenesishydrolysismerging reactions, and can be separated by  condensationdissolutionliquidationhydrolysis under the action of water.

There is a range of different carbohydrates used in nature, but many are based on the six-carbon sugar  fructoselactosemaltoseglucose, which comes in both an alpha form and a beta form. When two of these molecules form  an estera glycosidica glycogenica sucrosic bond, the disaccharide maltose is formed. Alternatively, sucrose is formed when  glucose and fructoseglucose and lactosefructose and lactoseglucose and galactose join. An example of a longer carbohydrate, called a polysaccharide, is  glycogenamylopectinsaccharosestarch, which is used as a storage molecule in animals because it is highly branched and insoluble.

 Reducing sugarsProteinsLipidsNon-reducing sugars, which can be identified with a positive result of the emulsion test, are also good storage molecules. Triglycerides consist of a  starchglycerolglycinecellulose molecule bonded to three fatty acids by ester bonds.  AlkanesPhospholipidsDiglyceridesAlkenes are similar structures, but one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group, which means they are  acidicpolarhydrophobicunsaturated molecules. They form a  dropletbilayerhelixsuspension in cell membranes, with the fatty acids facing away from the water.