Cell structure and microscopy GapFill

All living organisms, no matter how big or small, are made of  organscellscarbohydratesamino acids. Animals and plants have different kinds of cells, although they share many features, including both having a nucleus and a cell  organmembranechannelwall for controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

Cells that contain a nucleus are known as  virusesfungieukaryotesprokaryotes. Other types of cells, that do not contain a nucleus, are known as  ribosomeseukaryotesprokaryotesplasmids, and these are generally much smaller on average. An example of this type of cell is a bacterium. The genetic material in bacterial cells takes the form of  chromosomal DNAchloroplastsmitochondrianuclear DNA or plasmid DNA.

Some structures are present in plant cells that are not found in animal cells. These include a  cell membranecell wallnucleusmitochondrion, which provides strength to the cells, and  chloroplastsribosomesmitochondrianucleosomes, which are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells. In order to supply energy, plant and animal cells both contain a number of  cell membraneschloroplastsmitochondriavacuoles. They can provide energy for making proteins, which takes place on  nucleichloroplastscell membranesribosomes.

The cells inside an organism perform many different roles. They must become  specialisedidenticallargersmaller in order to perform these roles. Examples include  nervephloemxylemsperm cells, which are the male reproductive cells, and ciliated epithelial cells, which have  small vacuolesthick cell wallshair-like extensionslarge nuclei to waft substances along.

In order to view cells, either  a microwavean electrona protonan X-ray or a light  instrumentcolorimetertelescopemicroscope can be used. Both are capable of magnifying cells, but the first type is capable of much higher magnification and  resolutioncolouraccuracyspecialisation, so finer details can be observed.