Cell structure and microscopy GapFill

All living organisms, no matter how big or small, are made of  organsamino acidscarbohydratescells. Animals and plants have different kinds of cells, although they share many features, including both having a nucleus and a cell  membranechannelorganwall for controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

Cells that contain a nucleus are known as  virusesfungiprokaryoteseukaryotes. Other types of cells, that do not contain a nucleus, are known as  prokaryoteseukaryotesplasmidsribosomes, and these are generally much smaller on average. An example of this type of cell is a bacterium. The genetic material in bacterial cells takes the form of  chromosomal DNAmitochondrianuclear DNAchloroplasts or plasmid DNA.

Some structures are present in plant cells that are not found in animal cells. These include a  mitochondrionnucleuscell wallcell membrane, which provides strength to the cells, and  chloroplastsribosomesmitochondrianucleosomes, which are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells. In order to supply energy, plant and animal cells both contain a number of  mitochondriavacuolescell membraneschloroplasts. They can provide energy for making proteins, which takes place on  cell membraneschloroplastsribosomesnuclei.

The cells inside an organism perform many different roles. They must become  specialisedlargeridenticalsmaller in order to perform these roles. Examples include  nervespermphloemxylem cells, which are the male reproductive cells, and ciliated epithelial cells, which have  thick cell wallssmall vacuoleshair-like extensionslarge nuclei to waft substances along.

In order to view cells, either  an electrona microwavea protonan X-ray or a light  microscopetelescopeinstrumentcolorimeter can be used. Both are capable of magnifying cells, but the first type is capable of much higher magnification and  accuracycolourspecialisationresolution, so finer details can be observed.