Cell structure and microscopy GapFill

All living organisms, no matter how big or small, are made of  cellsorgansamino acidscarbohydrates. Animals and plants have different kinds of cells, although they share many features, including both having a nucleus and a cell  channelmembranewallorgan for controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

Cells that contain a nucleus are known as  virusesprokaryotesfungieukaryotes. Other types of cells, that do not contain a nucleus, are known as  plasmidsribosomeseukaryotesprokaryotes, and these are generally much smaller on average. An example of this type of cell is a bacterium. The genetic material in bacterial cells takes the form of  mitochondriachromosomal DNAchloroplastsnuclear DNA or plasmid DNA.

Some structures are present in plant cells that are not found in animal cells. These include a  cell wallcell membranenucleusmitochondrion, which provides strength to the cells, and  mitochondrianucleosomesribosomeschloroplasts, which are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells. In order to supply energy, plant and animal cells both contain a number of  vacuoleschloroplastscell membranesmitochondria. They can provide energy for making proteins, which takes place on  chloroplastscell membranesnucleiribosomes.

The cells inside an organism perform many different roles. They must become  smalleridenticallargerspecialised in order to perform these roles. Examples include  spermnervephloemxylem cells, which are the male reproductive cells, and ciliated epithelial cells, which have  hair-like extensionssmall vacuoleslarge nucleithick cell walls to waft substances along.

In order to view cells, either  an electronan X-raya microwavea proton or a light  colorimetertelescopeinstrumentmicroscope can be used. Both are capable of magnifying cells, but the first type is capable of much higher magnification and  colourresolutionaccuracyspecialisation, so finer details can be observed.