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The periodic table and transition metals Typeit
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The periodic table shows elements arranged in order of in rows (called periods). Elements in the same column (called a ) have similar properties because they have the same number of in their outer shell. Originally, elements were arranged in terms of , but Mendeleev noticed that this placed some elements with dissimilar properties together. He fixed this problem by changing the order of some elements, and leaving gaps for elements that had not yet been .
Elements can broadly be classed as metals, which form ions when they react, and non-metals. Non-metals are less common, and are found towards the top-right of the periodic table. For example, group 0 elements, otherwise known as the , are unreactive non-metals with a stable electronic structure. Group 7 elements, or the , are non-metal elements with one electron missing from their outer shell. To obtain a stable structure, they form pairs of atoms. Like the elements in group 0, their increases down the group, but unlike the elements in group 0, their decreases.
Group 1 elements, or the , are highly reactive elements due to the single electron found in their outer shell. They all react readily with to form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen, and burn in with flames of different colours. In contrast, metals are unreactive and have different properties from the metals in group 1. They are generally harder and denser than other metals, can often be used as catalysts, and form compounds.