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Individual differences (attitude, motivation and aggression) Typeit
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Motivation can be defined as an individual's willingness or drive to display a particular behaviour. It can be a key contributor to success, giving athletes direction towards achieving their goals. Many sporting success stories are attributed to motivation as much as they are to skill. So what types of motivation might an athlete benefit from?
Motivation can be split into two types:
Intrinsic motivation - comes from the performer. It has many uses in sport and physical activity, including the desire to experience the sense of pride and self-satisfaction that is associated with self-achievement and sporting success. For example, this can be at an elite level, such as the ambition to achieve a personal best time by working hard in training, and at a beginner level, where motivation might come through acquiring an efficient technique for the butterfly stroke. It can also be used to set that are personal to the individual, such as weight loss. This can be used to maintain intrinsic motivation, improving task and enthusiasm towards this. It is clear from these examples that an athlete would benefit from being intrinsically motivated.Extrinsic motivation - comes to the performer from sources. These include rewards of two distinct forms:
- rewards are materialistic, such as trophies, medals and prize money. For example, a tennis player competing in the open tournament at Wimbledon will receive a sum of money for each round they advance through, increasing in value the closer they get to the final. Therefore, their extrinsic motivation might be twofold: firstly to receive the sum of money by progressing through the competition, and secondly to receive the Championship Trophy by winning the competition outright.
- rewards are those that are not in physical form, such as praise and attention from significant others. For example, successful performance could be rewarded with a round of applause from a crowd of supporters or a pat on the back and words of praise from the head coach.
It is important to note that motivation could be both intrinsic and extrinsic. By using the earlier example, an individual intrinsically motivated to lose weight might also be extrinsically motivated by the praise they are likely to receive from the personal trainer.