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Structure of eukaryotes and prokaryotes Typeit
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Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the , which sorts and modifies lipids and proteins, or , the organelle of photosynthesis, which is not present in animal cells. Because most eukaryotes have a small : volume ratio due to their large size, eukaryotic cells are often specialised for certain functions. They may have an unusual shape, or an abundance of one or more types of organelle, e.g. muscles cells have a large number of to provide energy. Collections of cells with a common function are called , and these are organised into and systems.
Prokaryotic cells share some of the same features as eukaryotic cells, e.g. for protein synthesis, but they are generally much in size. Rather than having a to store their genetic information, they usually have a single circular DNA molecule, and they may also have one or more . Some bacterial cells also have a surrounding to protect them from damage.
are acellular beings which rely on other organisms to reproduce. Their nucleic acids are surrounded by a , and some may also have a lipid envelope studded with attachment proteins to help them join to a host cell.
Microscopes can be used to study cells by making them appear larger. microscopes have a higher resolution than optical microscopes, so they give a clearer image. However, they have many difficulties associated with them, such as the fact that they need to be used in a vacuum, and so specimens cannot be viewed.