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Proteins Typeit
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There are amino acids found commonly in living organisms, and they join together in different combinations to form proteins.
Two amino acids join together to form a . A molecule of water is eliminated in a reaction, leaving the N of the group on one amino acid and the C of the group on the other amino acid to form a bond. When several amino acids join together in this way, polypeptide chains are formed, and this is known as the of a protein. The chains twist and fold due to hydrogen bonds and bonds between groups of different charges, and between R groups which contain sulfur atoms. If a protein consists of more than one polypeptide chain, it is said to have a structure.
Enzymes are globular proteins which act as biological catalysts by lowering the of reactions. Because of their tertiary structure, enzymes have an whose shape is specific to a complementary substrate, and will adjust to accommodate the substrate in an induced fit. Increasing the usually increases the rate of a reaction because particles have more kinetic energy, so there are more successful collisions in a given time. However, the rate may decrease if competitive or non-competitive are present, if the concentration of enzyme or substrate decreases, or if the enzyme becomes due to extreme pH or temperature.