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Short- and Long-term Effects of Exercise Typeit
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When exercise is routinely completed over a long period of time, notable changes occur to the body systems that benefit the performance of the individual in sport and activity.
Aerobic training methods, e.g. continuous training, result in many adaptations to the circulatory system. Just like any other muscle, the heart (the cardiac muscle), particularly the , increases in size when it is worked hard. This is known as cardiac , which allows the heart to contract with greater force and eject more blood around the body per beat (i.e. an increased resting ). This improves the efficiency of the heart so that at rest it is able to pump the same volume of blood around the body per minute with fewer beats, i.e. the individual has a lower resting . This is known as when it falls below 60 bpm. These long-term effects of exercise are also present during exercise, when an increase in the volume of blood ejected from the heart per beat results in a greater volume per minute (i.e. an increased exercising ).
There is also a greater capacity and efficiency of blood cells in the body to deliver oxygen to the muscle and remove waste products. Moreover, the body is better adapted to deal with the increased presence of these waste products in the muscle. Therefore, the performer is able to tolerate a greater concentration of produced by the muscle as a result of anaerobic exercise, thereby maintaining exercise where previously it would have contributed to .