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Alkanes are saturated , compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms. They all have similar chemical properties and are part of a homologous series with hydrogen atoms for every n carbon atoms.
is a finite resource made from the remains of plankton, and consisting of a mixture of -containing compounds, most of which are alkanes. These compounds can be separated in a tower by the process of . They are fed into the heated bottom of the tower and evaporated, then to a liquid at different heights of the tower, which are at different , depending on the size of the molecules.
Size also determines the properties of compounds, with smaller compounds better suited as fuels due to their boiling points, plus the fact that they are generally more volatile and , so burn easily. On the other hand, larger molecules tend to be more , making them thick and sticky.
When large alkanes are cracked, smaller alkanes and are produced. These have the general formula CnH2n, give a positive reaction with , turning it from orange to colourless, and are often used to make polymers, long-chained compounds made up of repeating units.