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Proteins and chemical tests Typeit
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Amino acids join together in different combinations to form proteins, starting with two amino acids bonding to form a . When several amino acids join together, a polypeptide chain is formed, and this is known as the of a protein. The chains twist and fold due to hydrogen bonds and bonds between groups of different charges, and between R groups which contain sulfur atoms. A molecule of water can break a peptide bond between the N of an group on one amino acid and the C of a group on the other amino acid in a hydrolysis reaction.
If a protein consists of more than one polypeptide chain, it is said to have a structure. For example, haemoglobin is a globular protein that has four polypeptide chains, each of which is also associated with a prosthetic group containing an ion. For this reason, haemoglobin is known as a protein.
Chemical tests can be used to identify certain biological molecules. Triglycerides and phospholipids can both be detected using the test, in which a cloudy white suspension will form when and water are added to the sample. reagent can be used to detect reducing and non-reducing sugars, and the test can be made semi-quantitative by using to compare the percentage transmission of light in samples of different concentrations. Substances can also be separated using , during which substances travel at different speeds across a phase via a solvent.