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Carbohydrates and fats Typeit
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Polymers are molecules formed when several monomers join together via condensation reactions, in which is eliminated. The opposite of this kind of reaction is called a reaction, and it breaks monomers apart.
Carbohydrates, otherwise known as polysaccharides, are formed from individual sugar molecules, monomers known generally as , and two of these can join together to form a bond. While glucose is referred to as a hexose sugar, ribose is a sugar since it has one fewer carbon atom per ring. is a carbohydrate used to store energy in animals, whereas (made from amylose and amylopectin) is used as an energy store in plants.
Triglycerides and phospholipids are two types of lipid, which always contain the elements , hydrogen and oxygen. Triglycerides are made when one molecule of binds to three fatty acids via bonds. One of the fatty acids is replaced with a group containing in phospholipids. is another type of lipid, and it provides stability and moderates fluidity of plasma membranes in cells.
Water is an important transport medium that makes up a large proportion of cells. It is polar, which makes it an excellent , a substance that can dissolve other substances. Water molecules also form bonds with each other, which gives water a number of useful properties including , which creates surface tension.