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Enzymes Typeit
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Enzymes are globular proteins which act as biological catalysts by lowering the of reactions. Because of their tertiary structure, enzymes have an whose shape is specific to a complementary , and will adjust to accommodate it in an induced fit, producing an immediately before releasing one or more products. This model replaces the previous hypothesis, which reasoned that the fit was exact.
Increasing the usually increases the rate of a reaction because particles have more kinetic energy, so there are more successful collisions in a given time. However, the rate may decrease if competitive or non-competitive are present, if the concentration of enzyme or substrate decreases, or if the enzyme becomes due to extreme pH or temperature irreversibly changing its shape.
Some enzymes do not function well on their own, and have improved performance when small non-protein components bind to them. A is an ion which binds temporarily to a substrate or an enzyme, exemplified by how a chloride ion needs to bind to in order for it to digest starch into maltose. Some components bind more permanently, and these are called groups. , which are often derived from vitamins, bind temporarily to the active site of an enzyme to activate it, and are changed chemically.