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EQ2: What factors influence the hydrological system over the short & long term? MatchUp
Target Level
C
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Climate change (global warming)
Streamflow increases in ice-fed rivers
ENSO cycles
Permafrost
Decrease snow and glacier mass
River flow is reduced
Flood risk
More common, longer or more severe
More intense precipitation events, and stronger tropical storms such as hurricanes
Increased warming of Earth's surface is caused by:
A warmer atmosphere can hold more water vapour. A warmer, unstable atmosphere with lots of energy could lead to:
Droughts, coupled with heatwaves, may become:
Decreased snowfall, shorter snow seasons (less snow storage), reduced sea ice and negative glacier mass balance:
Frozen ground is melting, reducing the store of ground ice. The ground that is frozen for two or more years is called:
With drier soils (reduced infiltration rate) and intense rainfall events, surface run-off could increase, and thus increase:
Reduced precipitation, coupled with decreased groundwater and soil water level (river base flow), will mean:
Increased melting of glaciers means:
An example of internal variation: