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Infectious diseases GapFill

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Communicable diseases are diseases that can be  hiddenlostcreatedspreadcontainedsignalled between plants and animals.  PredatorsAnimalsFungiMutationsPathogensToxins cause communicable disease and can be viruses, bacteria, protists or  toxinsinsectsarthropodsfungiprokaryotesarchaea. Rose  purpledeathwaxblackyellowbrown spot is a plant disease caused by the latter and spread by water or  feedingsoilsunlightdirect contactwindsexual contact. It reduces a plant's ability to photosynthesise by affecting the leaves but can be treated with  penicillinantibioticsantiretroviralsantisepticsfungicidesvaccines.

Malaria is a serious disease caused by a protist whose life cycle involves both humans and  spidersmosquitoescentipedesflieswaspsgnats, which act as vectors. This means that an effective way to reduce transmission is either to prevent these vectors from breeding or to prevent them from biting people by using  netssocksantibioticsvaccinesteeth guardspaper.

Some diseases can be transmitted sexually, such as gonorrhoea, and so we can prevent their spread by using barrier methods of contraception, including  spermicidessterilisationoral contraceptivescondomsIUDshormonal injections. Salmonella, on the other hand, is spread via contaminated  packagingfoodsurfacesairbloodsoil, and the  antitoxinsantigenstoxinsenzymespathogensviruses produced by the bacteria involved can lead to vomiting and diarrhoea. Bacterial diseases may be treated with antibiotics, although unfortunately many strains are now developing  ignorancesusceptibilityimmunityallergensintoleranceresistance to these drugs.

 ProtistToxicBacterialPathogenicFungalViral diseases are the hardest to control as the pathogens involved reproduce rapidly inside human cells. Some, such as measles, do have  resistancefungicidesantitoxinsvaccinesantisepticspainkillers available, although many widespread and serious diseases, including AIDS, do not. AIDS develops after  HIVDNAADHAIDSCNSTMV infection from contact with an infected person's bodily fluids.

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