DNA and genetic inheritance GapFill

Proteins are an essential component of organisms as they control most processes performed by the cell. The exact sequence of  amino acidsallelesenzymescarbohydratesnucleic acidslipids that make up a protein is determined by the sequence of genetic material within a cell. Genetic material is stored in a molecule of  fatty acidcarbohydrateproteinlipidDNAcholesterol. This molecule is found in the nuclei of cells and is a polymer. The polymer is made up of  threecirculartwoglobularinsolublefour strands and forms the classic  latticeclover leafinterlocking circlestriangletriple stranddouble helix shape. The molecule is very long and is stored in chromosomes. Scientists have worked to identify the complete sequence of the code carried in the molecule, and have published their work.

The term  gametegenomeproteomePunnett squaretRNAallele is used to describe the complete sequence of DNA in cells. Characteristics, such as hair colour or height, might be controlled by one or more genes. Each gene can have multiple different forms, known as  gameteschromatidsamino acidsheterozygotesallelesisotopes. If two identical copies exist, they are described as  homozygoussex-linkedheterozygouscodominantrecessivedominant. If both copies are required for the trait to be expressed, then the term  heterozygousdominanthomozygouscodominantsex-linkedrecessive is used.

In order to predict the outcome of two organisms mating, a  variation squarePunnett squareMendellian linerecessive rectangleDarwin ladderfamily tree can be drawn, which gives estimated proportions of individuals. This will allow the identification of inherited disorders, such as  cancerdigitisationpolydactylycystic fibrosishaemophiliacolour blindness, where a sufferer develops extra digits. They can also be used to show that the probability of having a male or female child remains as 50 %. Males have  XYZZYZXXYYXYZ chromosomes.