Reactions of acids GapFill

Acids can react with metals to form  a salta metal carbonatea metal oxidea metal acid and hydrogen, with metal hydroxides and metal oxides to form a salt and  a hydrocarbonwaterhydrogen carbonatea base, and with metal carbonates to form a salt, water and  carbon monoxidehydrogena metalcarbon dioxide. The salts which are formed in these reactions depend on the metal and the acid used; for example, nitric acid forms  nitritesnitrous oxidesnitratesnitriles, and  chloricnitrochloricdichlorichydrochloric acid forms chlorides.

To make a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, heat  an alkanean acidan alcohola salt solution and then add a solid, insoluble metal, alkali or base until no more reacts. The mixture should be filtered and the solution heated to  evaporatecondensedissolveabsorb the water away until  purewhitetransparentblue, dry salt crystals appear.

Acids release  N⁺Cl⁻Ca²⁺H⁺ ions in solution, and alkali solutions contain OH⁻ ions. Strong acids completely  cooldeioniseionisereact in solution, compared to weak acids, which do not. The  waterpHweighingcolour scale uses the numbers 0 to 14 to describe the acidity or  alkalinityconcentrationsolubilityionisation of a solution, which can be determined using  a cathodeuniversal indicatoran electrodea thermometer.