Rate of reaction GapFill

The speed of a reaction is called its  gradientprecisionstrengthrate of reaction. This can be calculated by dividing the amount of a reactant  suppliedusedleft overrecycled, or the amount of a  mixtureproductside-productcatalyst formed, by the time taken for the reaction to occur. The amount can be the volume, the  massrelative formula masspressuresurface area or the number of moles. Graphs of amount against time are usually  curvedstraightdisconnectedZ-shaped lines. A straight line which touches the curve at only one point is called  a constant linea rate linea line of best fita tangent. The  gradientcolourlengthstrength of this line tells you the rate of the reaction at that time.

Multiple factors can affect the rate of a general reaction:

• the  volumeconcentrationfizzinesssurface area of the solution or the  volatilityflammabilityentropypressure of a gas
• the presence of  a catalystan oxidising agentanother reactantan acid
• the  surface areamasshardnessconductivity of any solid reactant
• the temperature

 CatalystMoleActivationCollision theory can be used to explain how factors affect reaction rate. Higher concentrations or pressures lead to more  frequentenergeticweakunsuccessful collisions, and increasing the temperature increases collision frequency and the  concentrationenergysurface areasize of the collisions. A catalyst provides a different reaction pathway with a lower  activation energysurface-area-to-volume ratiorateenergy change.