Infectious diseases GapFill

Communicable diseases are diseases that can be  spreadsignalledcreatedlost between plants and animals.  MutationsPathogensToxinsPredators cause communicable disease and can be viruses, bacteria, protists or  fungiprokaryotestoxinsarchaea. Rose  brownwaxblackpurple spot is a plant disease caused by the latter and spread by water or  direct contactsoilwindsunlight. It reduces a plant's ability to photosynthesise by affecting the leaves but can be treated with  penicillinantibioticsantiretroviralsfungicides.

Malaria is a serious disease caused by a protist whose life cycle involves both humans and  centipedesmosquitoesspidersgnats, which act as vectors. This means that an effective way to reduce transmission is either to prevent these vectors from breeding or to prevent them from biting people by using  antibioticsnetsvaccinessocks.

Some diseases can be transmitted sexually, such as gonorrhoea, and so we can prevent their spread by using barrier methods of contraception, including  condomssterilisationoral contraceptivesIUDs. Salmonella, on the other hand, is spread via contaminated  foodbloodsurfacesair, and the  toxinsenzymesantigenspathogens produced by the bacteria involved can lead to vomiting and diarrhoea. Bacterial diseases may be treated with antibiotics, although unfortunately many strains are now developing  immunityresistanceintoleranceallergens to these drugs.

 ViralToxicPathogenicBacterial diseases are the hardest to control as the pathogens involved reproduce rapidly inside human cells. Some, such as measles, do have  antisepticsantitoxinspainkillersvaccines available, although many widespread and serious diseases, including AIDS, do not. AIDS develops after  TMVCNSDNAHIV infection from contact with an infected person's bodily fluids.