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Respiration GapFill
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Respiration is the process used by organisms to generate energy for movement and all reactions. These include all reactions controlled by that involve either building up or breaking down molecules. Glucose can be converted to , including starch, glycogen and cellulose, lipids can be formed from three and one glycerol molecule, and protein synthesis requires amino acids formed from glucose and ions. Because it is reaction, respiration is also important for keeping organisms warm.
When there is available, aerobic respiration converts oxygen and to carbon dioxide and water, but if it is lacking, respiration in muscles converts glucose to lactic acid, which can cause a painful or burning sensation. This yields less energy than aerobic respiration because of the incomplete oxidation of glucose, and the lactic acid produced must eventually be converted back to glucose by the .
The rate of respiration in muscles during exercise, and an may build up if not enough oxygen is delivered to the muscles. To try to prevent this, the body increases its heart rate, and breath volume so that muscles receive more oxygenated blood, but they may still become fatigued after long periods of vigorous exercise.
In cells, glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide when there is a lack of oxygen. This is called , and it is an important process in the production of bread and alcoholic drinks.