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The nervous and endocrine systems in humans GapFill
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is the control of the internal environment of either the body or a cell, so that optimum conditions are controlled. Examples of systems controlled by this mechanism include the amount of water in the body, the temperature of the body, and the blood concentration. Either nervous or systems are used to control these levels, and all of these systems include a , a coordination centre and an effector.
The nervous system is able to respond to these systems by detecting a change and passing a signal along neurones to the CNS. At the CNS, which is composed of the brain and the spinal cord, a response is coordinated. The signal for the response is passed along neurones to effectors, which might be muscles or . A typical reflex arc shows this pattern, with sensory, relay and neurones passing a signal from the receptor to the effector. The brain is not involved in a reflex arc, and the coordinator in this case is always the spinal cord.
Tissues that produce hormones are called . They are distributed across the body, and many of the glands are controlled by a single master gland - . The pancreas is the endocrine tissue that is responsible for . When the concentration is high, the pancreas is stimulated to produce . This causes the movement of from the blood into cells, such as in the and muscle cells, and excess is converted into . Failure to control blood glucose concentration is an indicator of diabetes. diabetes is when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin, as opposed to the body no longer being able to respond to the insulin produced.