Plant tissues, organs and systems GapFill

Like animals, plants are made from a number of different tissues, each adapted differently for its varying functions. The  phloemxylemepidermalmesophyll tissues of plants line the outside of the plant. They are often waxy and work to  waterproofpolishhydratesoften the cells. If a part of a plant is active in performing photosynthesis, it will have a lot of  phloem cellspalisade mesophyll cellsspongy mesophyll cellsmeristem cells - these cells are packed full of  chlorophyllribosomesinsulinethene. Beneath this tissue layer, there is often  epidermal tissuespongy mesophyll tissuephloem tissuepalisade mesophyll tissue with large air spaces to increase concentration gradients of gases for the plant. In order to transport materials around the plant there is xylem tissue, which transports  glucosewateroxygenantibodies, and  phloem tissueglucosal transport tissuemeristem tissueepidermal tissue, which transports dissolved nutrients. These tissues can all be arranged into plant  organscommunitiespopulationscells, such as a leaf.

The term  translationtranslocationtranshydrationtranspiration describes the movement of water out of the leaves of plants. This can be affected by a number of environmental factors, including change in temperature, humidity, air movement and  interdependencepresence of pathogenscompetitionlight intensity. This is different to the movement of sugars, which takes place by a process known as  transitiontransglucosationtranspirationtranslocation.

When moving water, root hair cells absorb water by a process known as osmosis. Minerals are absorbed by  translocationactive transporttransfusiondiffusion. Hollow xylem tubes allow water to form a continuous chain through the plant to the leaves. In the leaves, water vapour gathers in spongy spaces but is normally trapped in the leaf by closed  xylem tissuestomatachannel proteinschloroplasts. These open by the action of guard cells, and the water vapour is released from the leaf.