Reactions of acids GapFill

Acids can react with metals to form  a metal oxidea metal carbonatea metal acida salt and hydrogen, with metal hydroxides and metal oxides to form a salt and  watera basehydrogen carbonatea hydrocarbon, and with metal carbonates to form a salt, water and  carbon dioxidea metalcarboncarbon monoxide. The salts which are formed in these reactions depend on the metal and the acid used; for example, nitric acid forms  nitrogennitratesnitrilesnitroxides, and  hydrochloricethanoicchloricnitrochloric acid forms chlorides.

To make a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, heat  an acidan alkanean alcohola salt solution and then add a solid, insoluble metal, alkali or base until no more reacts. The mixture should be filtered and the solution heated to  condenseevaporateabsorbdissolve the water away until  purewhitebluetransparent, dry salt crystals appear.

Acids release  Cl⁻H⁺Ca²⁺N⁺ ions in solution, and alkali solutions contain OH⁻ ions. The  weighingwaterpHcolour scale uses the numbers 0 to 14 to describe the acidity or  alkalinityconcentrationionisationsolubility of a solution, which can be determined using  universal indicatoran electrodea cathodea thermometer.

In a titration, acid is placed in a  measuring cylinderburettecondenserpipette and dripped slowly into a beaker containing a  metal carbonatebasemetal oxidesolid and a suitable indicator, which changes colour when the reaction is complete. Strong acids completely  reactdeioniseionisecool in solution, compared to weak acids, which do not.