Thermal physics GapFill

Thermal physics describes the motions and energies of particles in a body, and how these particle properties present as bulk properties in the body.
 Ideal gas energyThermal energyExternal energyInternal energy is the sum of all the kinetic and potential energies of particles in a gas. This  can be increased by heating or doing work on the gascan be increased only by doing work on the gascan be increased only by cooling the gascannot be increased no process (it is constant); this is the first law of thermodynamics.
During a change of state,  the potential energiesthe kinetic energiesthe rotational energiesthe momentums of the particles increase, while  the potential energiesthe kinetic energiesmomentumsboth potential and kinetic energies stay/stays constant.
The term absolute zero refers to the point at which particles have  minimum kinetic energyzero internal energyminimum potential energymaximum internal energy.
An ideal gas is one in which particles  experience maximum intermolecular forcesexperience no intermolecular forceshave no momentumhave no space between them. Ideal gas laws are considered to be a theoretical model of gas, but can give a good approximation for how a lot of gases behave.
The ideal gas laws describe the bulk properties of a gas, while the molecular kinetic theory model describes how gases behave in terms of their constituent molecules.  Brownian motionSmithian motionAbsolute zeroSpecific heat capacity provides evidence for the existence of fluids being made of individual atoms, and, from this, the molecular kinetic theory model is derived. The full derivation of the kinetic theory equation involves the use of  specific latent heatconservation of energywork done in compressing a gasconservation of momentum to find the equation pV = 1/3 Nm(c_rms)².