Inheritance and populations GapFill

The  gene poolpopulationallelotypegenotype of an organism is all the genetic information of that individual, whereas the  variotypeallelotypechromosomephenotype describes their observable characteristics.  A locusA chromosomeA geneA codon is a length of DNA that codes for a polypeptide, and it may come in different forms, called  allelesgenomesgenotypeschromatids. If, for a certain characteristic, an individual possesses two identical variants, they are referred to as homozygous; if they are different, then the individual is  heterozygousautosomalcodominanthomologous for this trait.

Some alleles express themselves whenever they are present - these are called dominant. Other alleles may only be expressed in the absence of a dominant allele - they are called  cooperativenon-expressiverecessivesubmissive. In the case that more than one allele can contribute to the phenotype, the alleles are referred to as  combinatorycodominantcooperativehomologous.

Genes which are found on either the X chromosome or the Y chromosome are called  autosomalcodominantsex-linkedepistatic. The recessive allele which causes haemophilia, for example, is carried on the X chromosome, meaning it is more likely to be expressed in males; females are more likely to be unaffected  carriersmessengerssleepersbearers. Genes located on any other chromosomes are called  epistaticdihybridautosomalheterosomal.  EpistasisVariostasisGenetic driftDisruptive selection occurs when one allele affects the expression of another.

A  Pearson correlation coefficientchi-squared teststudent's t-testsimple regression calculation can be used to test whether the observed phenotypic ratios from genetic crosses differ significantly from the expected ratios. To do this, you need to know what the correct  phenotypic rationull hypothesiscritical valuedegree of freedom to use is, which is the number of classes minus one.

The total collection of all the alleles in a population is called the  gene poolecosystemgenomephenotype. The  Hardy-WeinbergHardy-FlemingDarwin-WallaceWatson-Crick principle can be used to determine the frequency of different alleles in a population as long as all the assumptions are met.