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Gene technologies GapFill

Target Level
C
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DNA that contains genes from two different organisms is called  epigeneticasexualhybridisedrecombinant DNA, and the organism it is found in is referred to as  transgenicrecombinantmultigeneticheterozygous. A gene can be cut out of a molecule using  cDNAa terminatorrestriction enzymesvectors, and the fragment can be amplified by one of two methods:

  • in vitro amplification, which uses  gel electrophoresisthe polymerase chain reactioncell transformationDNA hybridisation
  • in vivo methods, which involve inserting the fragment into  a gene machinea DNA probea restriction enzymea vector, cloning it in bacteria and using  VNTRsa genetic fingerprinthistonesa marker gene to identify bacterial colonies that have successfully taken on the gene


    • Gene technologies can also be used in screening to identify specific  allelesamino acidschromosomesnuclei, e.g. those associated with a genetic disorder.  DNA hybridisationThe polymerase chain reactionReverse transcriptionComplementary DNA can be used to bind labelled  vectorsdrugsDNA probesin vitro fragments to strands that have been separated, and the information obtained when certain sequences are detected can be used in  gel electrophoresistumour suppressor groupsepigenetic developmentgenetic counselling, to advise carriers looking to have children, or in personalised medicine, to determine the best  efficacypricesizedose of a drug to administer.

     Stem cell researchGenetic counsellingGenome sequencingGenetic fingerprinting is another technique with uses in many fields, including forensic science and paternity testing. DNA samples can be digested into fragments, which are then separated by  gel electrophoresispersonalised medicinethe polymerase chain reactionDNA hybridisation. When  a microwavea bluetoothan infraredan X-ray film develops over the gel, banding patterns of  NADPsATPRsVNTRscDNAs can be used to identify individuals or relationships between individuals.

    This is your 1st attempt! You get 3 marks for each one you get right. Good luck!

    Pass Mark
    72%