Photosynthesis GapFill

Photosynthesis is the process which takes place in the  chloroplastsmitochondriaGolgi apparatusribosomes of leaves, and turns water and  hydrogenheliumcarbon dioxidemethane into  sulfur dioxidenitrogencarbon dioxideoxygen and glucose through the absorption of light. The rate of photosynthesis is affected by many factors, such as  pressurewind directiontemperaturewind speed, light intensity, water availability and the concentration of carbon dioxide.

During the light-dependent reaction,  transpirationtranslocationhydrolysisphotoionisation causes a pair of electrons to leave a molecule of  carbon dioxideglucosechlorophyllstarch and enter the electron transfer chain. The photolysis of  chlorophyllwaterstarchhydrogen produces oxygen, electrons and  protonsamino acidsmonosaccharidessodium ions, the latter of which build up in the inner thylakoid space. They then diffuse back into the stroma through  helicaserubiscoATP synthasecholesterol molecules, generating a molecule of ATP from ADP, and are accepted by an electron carrier to produce  glucoseRuBPwaterreduced NADP.

The light-independent reaction is otherwise known as  the carbon cyclethe Krebs cyclethe Calvin cyclethe chloroplast cycle. In it, carbon dioxide and RuBP react under the action of the enzyme  dipeptidaseATP synthaserubiscoamylase to produce two molecules of  TPDNAGPADP. These are then reduced using a proton from reduced NADP and energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, which produces triose phosphate. Some triose phosphate is converted to useful organic substances, including starch, cellulose and lipids, but most is used to regenerate  carbon dioxideRuBPGPrubisco. Meanwhile,  rubiscoNADPwateroxygen is cycled back into the light-dependent reaction.