DNA, genes and protein synthesis GapFill

The complete set of genetic information in a cell is called the  proteomebase sequencegenomechromatid.  The Golgi apparatus and the rough endoplasmic reticulaMitochondria and chloroplastsThe smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulumThe Golgi apparatus and lysosomes contain short, circular DNA, but the genetic information in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells is found as chromosomes, long DNA molecules wound around proteins called  helizomeshistonesenzymesimmunoglobulins. At different positions on chromosomes (called  alleleshistonestripletsloci) there are genes, which code for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide or a functional  DNAlipidRNAfatty acid. Every three bases codes for a specific amino acid, and most of the amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet, so the genetic code is described as  universaldegenerateevolvedspecialised.

Some of the genetic information found in eukaryotes does not have a direct coding purpose - within genes these sections are known as  histonesintronsredundonsexons, while the coding sections are  exonsneutronscodonselectrons.

During eukaryotic  condensationtranscriptionfertilisationmeiosis, DNA strands separate and act as templates for the formation of complementary  chromosometRNApre-mRNApolypeptide molecules. The enzyme  nucleaseDNA replicaseRNA helicaseRNA polymerase facilitates this process by joining adjacent nucleotides together in the new strand. The molecule is then  decondensedsplicedfixedpatched to remove the non-coding segments, creating an mRNA molecule. During  translationtranslocationphosphorylationtranscription, this attaches to and is read one codon at a time by  a ribosomea chromatida nucleolusa vesicle, and  tRNAanticodonglycerolhelper T molecules bring the corresponding amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.