DNA and RNA GapFill

DNA and RNA are  phospholipidsnucleic acidspolysaccharidesproteins made of nucleotide monomers. Both of their functions involve carrying information: DNA contains the  nervousgeneticphotosyntheticrespiratory information of a cell, and RNA transfers this information to  mitochondriaGolgi vesiclesribosomesthe cell-surface membrane.

The basic structure of a nucleotide is:

RNA molecules consist of a single, relatively short polynucleotide chain. DNA molecules consist of two polynucleotide chains twisted in the shape of  an alpha helixa double helixa plaita beta-pleated sheet, with the strands held together by  metallic bondsionic bondshydrogen bondscovalent bonds between  hydrophiliccomplementaryacidicmatching base pairs.

DNA duplicates itself using  traditionalunorthodoxsemiconservativeconservative replication, where each newly synthesised molecule has one original strand and one new strand.  DNA polymeraseDNA dividaseDNA helicaseDNA nuclease first unwinds the molecule and breaks the bonds between strands. Free nucleotides then join to the exposed bases on the  ribose sugartemplate strandDNA backbonephosphate group, and  DNA polymeraseDNA acidaseDNA nucleaseDNA helicase creates  hydrogenphosphodiesterionicglycosidic bonds between neighbouring nucleotides.