Magnetism GapFill

Magnetic fields work quite differently from other fields, in that there are no magnetic monopoles - any source of magnetic field lines is also a sink of magnetic field lines, meaning that there is no net output or input of magnetic field lines from any point or enclosed region of space. For this reason, it's useful to talk about magnetic fields in terms of  magnetic momentmagnetic dipolemagnetic flux densitymagnetic flux, which is the magnetic field passing through a unit area, measured in tesla, which can be written in SI base units as  kg A s²kg A⁻¹ s⁻²kg A s⁻¹kg A m⁻¹.
The force felt by a current-carrying wire perpendicular to a magnetic field is given by  F = IL/BF = BI/LF = I/BLF = BIL, while the force felt by a charge moving perpendicularly to a magnetic field is given by  F = Q/BvF = BQvF = Qv/BF = BQ/v. The relative directions of these variables are given by  Fleming's left-hand ruleTesla's right-hand ruleFleming's right-hand ruleLenz's left-hand rule. Because force is perpendicular to the velocity of the particle, a charged particle's path curves in a magnetic field; this is used in machines such as  cyclotronslinear acceleratorsX-raystransformers, which accelerate charged particles in a curved path so that beams of charged particles can be used without taking up large amounts of space.
Magnetic flux linkage is a measure of the magnetic field lines cut by a number of turns of a coil, and is given by  NΦ = BAcosθNΦ = BANcosθNΦ = BANsinθNΦ = BAsinθ.  A detector hoopA search coilA query wireA dowsing rod can be used to measure magnetic flux linkage and determine the relationship between it and the angle from the magnetic field.