Particle physics GapFill

Each particle has a corresponding antiparticle with equal mass but the particle and antiparticle equal and opposite quantum numbers (such as charge or spin).
For instance, the antiparticle of the proton is the antiproton, and the antiparticle of the electron is the  muonprotonpositronneutrino.
When a particle and its corresponding antiparticle meet, they will undergo  pair productionsuperpositioninterferenceannihilation.
A photon with sufficient energy can create a particle and antiparticle pair in a process known as  pair productionsuperpositionannihilationparticle exchange.

There are four fundamental interactions through which particles can affect each other:

• Gravity, which interacts via the graviton (a theoretical particle)
• Electromagnetism, which interacts via  virtual photonsleptonspionselectrons and is responsible for the phenomena surrounding electric charges
• The weak nuclear force, which interacts via  virtual photonsgluonsW⁺ and W⁻ bosonsleptons, and is responsible for particle interactions like  beta decaypair productionalpha decayannihilation
• The strong nuclear force, which interacts via  W⁺ and W⁻ bosonsvirtual photonspionsgluons (except over shorter distances) and is responsible for holding nuclei together

Particles are categorised as either hadrons (containing quarks) or leptons.
Hadrons containing three quarks are known as baryons. The  kaonneutronneutrinoproton is the only stable baryon, which all baryons eventually decay into.
Hadrons containing a quark and an antiquark are known as mesons.  ProtonsW⁺ bosonsKaonsNeutrons are mesons containing a strange quark, and can decay into pions.

Quarks come in different types such as up (u), down (d) and strange (s).
The quark make-up of the proton is  up anti-strangeup anti-downup up downup down down, the quark make-up of the neutron is  down anti-upup up downup up upup down down, the quark make-up of a positive pion is  up up downup down downup anti-downup up up.
Leptons do not contain any quarks, and are fundamental particles.  KaonsPionsProtonsMuons are charged leptons which can decay into electrons.
In particle interactions, baryon number, lepton number, strangeness, charge, energy and momentum all have to be conserved (they have to be the same before and after); however, in weak interactions  momentumlepton numberstrangenessbaryon number can change by 0, +1 or -1.