Film: Industry (exams from 2024) GapFill

The very first motion picture projected to a paying audience was in  1895180518251905 when the Lumière brothers screened their film La Sortie de l'Usine Lumière à Lyon, a 46-second short which translates as Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory in Lyon. In 1903, the form developed when Edwin S Porter’s The Great Train Robbery became the first motion picture to incorporate  crane shoteditinglightingwriting techniques and on-location shooting. Despite these various experiments with film-making technology, Hollywood did not become the film  sweatshopfactorydestinationhotspot of the world until the late 1910s.

The  1950s1890s1930s1920s saw a series of developments which have hugely influenced cinema ever since: the movie star became a recognisable icon; film directors began to be recognised for their own unique and personal styles; Hollywood studios like Warner Bros and 20th Century Fox were established and, perhaps most significantly, Alan Crosland’s The Jazz Singer was released, the first film to feature  visual effectsa live orchestrasingle-take sequencesdiegetic sound breaking away from the tradition of silent films. As a result of  vertical integrationhorizontal integrationsynergycorporate greed, Hollywood’s film industry is now almost completely dominated by large media  organisationsstudiosconglomeratescooperatives such as Sony, 20th Century Fox and, most significantly, Disney.

The James Bond series is one of the longest-running film franchises in history, starting in 1962 with Dr. No and continuing on into the present day. As of 2021, No Time to Die is the most recent film in the franchise – but not the highest grossing as  GoldfingerFrom Russia With LoveSkyfallSpectre remains the most financially successful in the franchise, even adjusted for inflation. The Bond franchise reflects the fact that more and more money is being invested into making  independent filmsblockbusterstheme park ridesniche media for huge audiences. Dr. No (1962) had a production budget of £1.1 million (£21.1 million adjusted for inflation), whereas No Time to Die (2021) had an estimated budget of approximately  203 million355 million175 million250 million dollars. Like other recent Bond instalments, No time to Die was a UK/US co-production and was both marketed and distributed towards a  activepassivemasscult audience. As such, it was imperative for Sony that the film secure a 12A certificate so as many cinemagoers as possible could see the film and guarantee a sizeable return on their investment.