Urban change, migration and megacities GapFill

Urbanisation is occurring all over the world, but most rapidly in  Europe and South AmericaAfrica and AsiaNorth America and AfricaEurope and Africa. This shows urbanisation rates are higher in  HICs and LICsNEEsLICsLICs and NEEs than  countrysideLICsHICsparks. Factors affecting urbanisation rates include push factors such as a  LICsHICsavailability of jobslack of jobs and pull factors such as  availability of jobsHICsLICslack of jobs. Urbanisation occurred largely due to the  clean air actindustrial revolutionparksbad transport, which meant workers were drawn to  socio-economic developmentcountrysideparkscities for jobs. Urbanisation has led to  poor servicesurban-sprawlHICsmigration, where cities expand into nearby rural areas. It has also led to  urban-sprawlsuburbanisationHICsLICs where smaller communities develop, often on the  rural-urban fringesuburbanisationrecessioncities. Some HICs are experiencing  recessionLICspoor servicescounter-urbanisation, where people move from urban areas to rural. This is largely due to HICs having better standards of  suburbanisationsocio-economic developmentpoor servicesLICs than LICs in rural areas. Rural areas are often perceived by many people in HICs to have a better  HICssuburbanisationavailability of jobsquality of life than cities.