DNA and protein synthesis GapFill

Proteins are an essential component of organisms as they control most processes performed by the cell. The exact sequence of  nucleic acidscarbohydratesamino acidslipids that make up a protein is determined by the sequence of genetic material within a cell. Genetic material is stored in a molecule of  DNAglucosephospholipidATP. This molecule is found in the nuclei of cells and is a polymer. The polymer is made up of  globulartwoinsolublethree strands and forms the classic double helix shape, with C bases always linking to  GUTA in a series of repeating  ribosomeglucosenucleotidephosphate units. The backbones consist of alternating sugar and  oxidesulphatenitratephosphate sections.

Body cells contain the entire human  proteomeribosomegenomeallele in pairs of chromosomes. These are divided into  geneslipidsenzymescarbohydrates, from which specific proteins are produced.

DNA can be extracted from cells by mixing a food sample with detergent (to break down any  cell wallsmembranesgeneschromosomes) and  fatalcoholsaltcaffeine (to help the DNA clump together). When the mixture is heated and filtered,  carbohydraseproteasehelicaselipase enzymes are then added to break down any proteins, and ice-cold  ethanolnitrogenwaterammonia is poured in to get the DNA to precipitate out.