Sustainability of food GapFill

Sustainability of food concerns scientists, governments and ecologists all around the world. Many factors, such as  capacitycalendarcurrencyclimate change and growing  parkwaysparsnipspopulationpesticides, may affect food availability in the future.

For centuries, climate change was caused by variations in Earth’s orbit and in solar activity, which then determined the amount of warmth the planet received from the sun. Greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide) create a coat around Earth’s atmosphere which traps the warmth. Therefore, Earth’s surface and the air around it are warming up. This leads to the disappearance of land and whole countries under water, as ice in the north and south pole melts, significantly reducing the area of land which can be used for planting  soilmouldcropscapsules or grazing farm animals. It can also cause food shortages and famine by causing crop failure (due to both drought and flood), and changes the pattern of the  animalssunshineplantsseasons, which can affect plants’ life cycles and also lead to crop failure.

Land is used to rear animals and grow plants in order to produce meat, milk, eggs, oils, fruit and vegetables, grains and animal feed. Research shows that the  vactomactolactohacto-vegetarian diet is the most efficient in terms of land, water and fossil energy use. To produce food for a vegetarian, less than 0.4 hectares (ha) of land is needed, while over 0.5ha of land is needed to produce  meatprofitmoneychange and products eaten in a conventional diet. The area includes land used directly to grow plants, vegetables and fruit to feed the people and the area used to grow animal feed.

Although slavery was banned in 1833, modern societies tend to overexploit their resources – including labour – in order to produce more goods and create a bigger profit. Fairtrade is, therefore, a way of stopping modern slavery. It has the following benefits: fair prices and  waterwagesweatherwood for producers and farmers, decent working conditions (such as working hours, breaks and tools), ends child  labouragriculturecaredeprivation and forced labour, empowers local farmers, their families and communities – having more money allows them to make choices about their lives and send their children to school, enables local growth and  depletionprofitssustainabilitybiosphere.

Fairtrade foods are a way to increase food  insecuritysecuritysufficiencysureness around the world. This is a concept created by the World Health Organisation (WHO), with the goal of everyone in the world having access to safe and nutritious food at all times and in  regularinsufficientsufficientsuffuse amounts. Its three main features are:

• Food availability, where enough food for a country is regularly available and comes from trustworthy providers. This covers all the food a country produces for itself, as well as what needs to be imported and  promotedexportedexpatriateextracted.
• Food access, where all food is affordable for people of all income levels and a country or community has enough land to provide food for everyone through growing crops and rearing animals. Transport of food is also important to access - people who don't live near supermarkets, for example, still need to be able to buy or acquire food. 
• Food use, where food is managed and handled effectively, with considerations for nutritional value and waste. People need to be educated on these matters and know how to prepare and cook meals to meet their needs and prevent illness or disease.