Bulk and surface properties of matter including nanoparticles GapFill

Nanoparticles are  10-50 nanometres1-10 micrometres1-10 picometres10-250 micrometres100-2500 nanometres1-100 nanometres in diameter and have high  melting pointselectrical insulationsurface-area-to-volume ratioatom economystabilitybrittleness, which makes them more effective as medicines, sunscreens, deodorants and  building materialsshaving foaminkscatalystsclothingpesticides.

Polymers are formed from long, repeating chains of  carbohydratesalkenesalkanesproteinsionsmonomers and can have a range of different properties depending on their structure. They are often strong and unreactive, making them useful materials in  constructioncatalysismedicinecleaningfashioncooking.

Metals, by contrast, often need to be electroplated to protect their surfaces from  reductionhydrolysiscorrosionradiationfermentationelectroylsis.

Ceramics are materials formed of giant structures, and they are durable, hard and resistant to changes caused by  pressureacidstensionheatenzymesbases.

 FullerenesCatalystsCompositesTransition metalsHydrocarbonsResidues are materials with properties deriving from two or more components, such as concrete, which is a mixture of cement, sand, aggregate and water.