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Alcohols and carboxylic acids GapFill

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Alcohols are a group of molecules which contain an ONHa COOHan OH2an OOHan NH3an OH group, e.g. the formula C₂H₅OH represents butanolethanolpropanolmethanolhexanolpentanol. They are members of a homologous series which have similar reactions; for example:

They burn in air to produce water and carbon dioxide, known as neutralisationcomplete combustionreductiondisplacementprecipitationoxidation
They react with sodium to produce methanesodium sulfatehydrogen gassootoxygen gascarbon monoxide and a salt
When dehydrated, they form alkanescarboxylic acidsdiolsalkenesamino acidslipids
They react with an oxidising agent to form carboxylic acidsalkanesamino acidsalcoholssaltsalkynes

Some alcohols are also used as fuels, and the amount of energy each alcohol contains can be determined by measuring the boiling pointdensitytemperature changesolubilitypressure changevolume change of water when they are combusted. Alcohols are often produced by fermentationprecipitationphotosynthesiscrackingfiltrationaerobic respiration, which uses yeast to make ethanol from glucose.

Carboxylic acids are a group of molecules with the functional group COOHNH3OOHCH2OH2OH, e.g. methanoic acid has the formula CH3COOHHCOOHHCOOH2CH2COOHCH3COOHCH3C2H5COOH.

When carboxylic acids dissolve in water, they release ions because they are acidic.

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