Rates of reaction GapFill

The speed of a reaction is called its  economyprecisionrategradientstrengthentropy of reaction. This can be calculated by dividing the amount of a reactant  recycledgeneratedleft overconservedusedsupplied, or the amount of a  solutionmixtureside-productproductcatalystgas formed, by the time taken for the reaction to occur. The amount can be the volume, the  relative formula massdensitymassconcentrationpressuresurface area or the number of moles. Graphs of amount against time are usually  oscillatingS-shapedZ-shapeddisconnectedstraightcurved lines. A straight line which touches the curve at only one point is called  an asymptotea line of best fita gradienta constant linea tangenta rate line. The  strengthlengthcolourheightgradientwidth of this line tells you the rate of the reaction at that time.

Multiple factors can affect the rate of a general reaction:

• the  fizzinesssurface areamasstransparencyconcentrationvolume of the solution or the  entropyopacityflammabilitycolourvolatilitypressure of a gas
• the presence of  a catalystanother reactanta flamean oxidising agentoxygenan acid
• the  melting pointflammabilityconductivityhardnesssurface areamass of any solid reactant
• the temperature

 CollisionActivationReactionMoleCatalystConcentration theory can be used to explain how factors affect reaction rate. Higher concentrations or pressures lead to more  weakunsuccessfulpre-determinedenergeticconservativefrequent collisions, and increasing the temperature increases collision frequency and the  efficiencyconcentrationpressureenergysurface areasize of the collisions. A catalyst provides a different reaction pathway with a lower  rateenergy changeactivation energytemperaturepressuresurface-area-to-volume ratio.