States of matter, and separating and purifying substances GapFill

Substances which contain only one kind of element or compound are called  purerefinedsolidpotablecleanatomic. They have a specific  densitymelting pointflammabilitystrengthvolatilitytransparency, which is often higher than that of  a subatomican impurea dirtyan unrefineda multiple-compounda blended substance, also known as  a mixturea polymeran alloya combinationa fusionan amalgam. 

Many mixtures containing coloured compounds can be separated using  filtrationpolymerisationtitrationcondensationchromatographydistillation. During this process, a  firmmotionlessstationarysolidconstantstatic phase, such as paper, is placed in a  liquidmobilechangeablevariableflexiblefluid phase, such as water. The substances travel different  speedsthicknessespathsdistancespatternsdirections up the paper. Dividing the distance travelled by a substance by the distance travelled by the solvent gives the  percentagepHDs valueRf valuesolubilityefficiency.

Substances can be in one of three states of matter, which are called solid, liquid and  steamairparticlegasmixtureaqua. Substances are different states at different  chargeshumiditiestimestemperaturesvoltagesconcentrations.

Water, one of the world's most important resources, often needs to be treated before it is safe to drink, or  alkalinepotablepuretransparentsalineoxygenated. This is done by passing the water through  fertilisersmembranescoolant tanksreservoirsbuffersfilter beds and sterilising it using agents such as chlorine or ozone. If the water is not fresh, it may also require  infusionconvectionbioleachingdesalinationsettlingneutralisation, either by distillation or using reverse osmosis. Waste water also needs treating to remove organic matter, chemicals and  hydroxide ionssaltssandhydrogen ionsmicrobesplankton.