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Types of substance GapFill

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4-5
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There are three main types of strong chemical bonding:

  •  metallic bondingcovalent bondingatomic bondingionic bonding, which occurs between a metal and a non-metal;
  •  atomic bondingcovalent bondingnon-metallic bondingionic bonding, which occurs between non-metals, either in simple molecular or giant covalent bonding;
  •  transition bondingmetallic bondingcovalent bondingionic bonding, which occurs between metals

Ionic compounds have high  entropyconductivitymelting pointspositivity due to strong electrostatic  attractionschargesrepulsionslayers between oppositely charged ions.

Small molecules have very weak  ionic interactionsmolecular bondsdelocalised electronsintermolecular forces and so they melt and boil at very low temperatures.

Polymers are large molecules made of chains of  covalently bonded silicon atomsionically bonded hydrogen and oxygen atomscovalently bonded carbon atomsmetallically bonded metal atoms. Polymers have relatively strong intermolecular forces, so are mostly  solidfrozenwhitelocalised at room temperature.

Diamond and  graphitecarbon dioxideammoniasodium chloride are examples of large, regular structures of covalently bonded atoms.

In metallic bonding,  electronsnon-metalsionsdiatoms are surrounded by  uncharged neutronsdelocalised electronsprotonsentropy. Positive ions are electrostatically attracted to  protonselectronsneutronsisotopes. The atoms arrange into  squarestrianglessphereslayers which can slide over each other when the metal is bent. Many metals are good  transducersconserversconductorsinsulators of electricity and heat due to their  delocalised electronspositive chargesionic interactionsstrong bonding.



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Pass Mark
72%