Rates of reaction GapFill

The speed of a reaction is called its  ratestrengtheconomyentropy of reaction. This can be calculated by dividing the amount of a reactant  usedgeneratedconservedleft over, or the amount of a  productside-productsolutiongas formed, by the time taken for the reaction to occur. The amount can be the volume, the  massrelative formula massconcentrationdensity or the number of moles. Graphs of amount against time are usually  straightoscillatingcurvedS-shaped lines. A straight line which touches the curve at only one point is called  a gradientan asymptotea line of best fita tangent. The  widthgradientheightlength of this line tells you the rate of the reaction at that time.

Multiple factors can affect the rate of a general reaction:

• the  massconcentrationvolumetransparency of the solution or the  entropyopacitypressurecolour of a gas
• the presence of  a flamea catalystoxygenanother reactant
• the  massmelting pointflammabilitysurface area of any solid reactant
• the temperature

 ConcentrationActivationReactionCollision theory can be used to explain how factors affect reaction rate. Higher concentrations or pressures lead to more  pre-determinedenergeticconservativefrequent collisions, and increasing the temperature increases collision frequency and the  pressureenergyconcentrationefficiency of the collisions. A catalyst provides a different reaction pathway with a lower  energy changeactivation energytemperaturepressure.