Bulk and surface properties of matter including nanoparticles GapFill

Nanoparticles are  1-100 nanometres10-250 micrometres100-2500 nanometres10-50 nanometres in diameter and have high  melting pointsatom economysurface-area-to-volume ratioelectrical insulation, which makes them more effective as medicines, sunscreens, deodorants and  shaving foamclothingcatalystsinks.

Polymers are formed from long, repeating chains of  ionsmonomerscarbohydratesalkenes and can have a range of different properties depending on their structure. They are often strong and unreactive, making them useful materials in  fashionconstructioncookingmedicine.

Metals, by contrast, often need to be electroplated to protect their surfaces from  hydrolysisreductionelectroylsiscorrosion.

Ceramics are materials formed of giant structures, and they are durable, hard and resistant to changes caused by  acidsheatpressurebases.

 FullerenesCatalystsCompositesHydrocarbons are materials with properties deriving from two or more components, such as concrete, which is a mixture of cement, sand, aggregate and water.