Evolution, species and classification GapFill

Charles Darwin is considered the father of evolution for his development of the theory of evolution by  dominancefertilisationnatural selectionselective breeding. By this process, he proposed that there is a lot of variation within a species as a result of  chromosomesmutationsfertilisationPunnett squares, and when one characteristic offers an advantage, it becomes  homozygousinheritedobsoletevaried, increasing how much it is seen in the population, as those without it are at a disadvantage. Darwin published his ideas, but there was significant opposition at the time from the Church, as well as there being insufficient evidence for many scientists as, at the time, the idea of how inheritance worked was not known. Now, using evidence such as  antitoxinantienzymeantimatterantibiotic resistance in bacteria, the idea is widely accepted. Another scientist,  EinsteinWallaceWatsonAristotle, also came up with a theory similar to Darwin's at a similar time, and this led to him becoming well-known for his ideas on speciation. 

The evidence for evolution has largely relied upon the preserved remains of organisms that died millions of years ago. One specimen from around 4.4 million years ago, known as  RufiArchiArdiAustra, shows a short humanoid female with long arms and toes for climbing trees, likely inherited from our ape-like ancestors. A more recent specimen, Lucy, from  1.9 million3.2 million2 million3.5 million years ago, indicates that this new species could probably walk upright as we do, and the  FranklinsDarwinsLeakeysCuries also discovered an even more recent fossil from around 1.6 million years ago that looks even more similar to Homo sapiens as we are today. 

These fossils are often paired with the study of ancient  stonewoodplasticpaper tools in order to give us more information about human evolution over time. Older tools, dated based on the  age of surrounding rock layersamount of weatheringnumber of isotopes presentamount of remaining pigment, appear to be quite simple, but more recent tools are more sophisticated.

The number of different species formed as a result of evolution is vast. Building on the work of Linnaeus, genetic analysis has now allowed species to be grouped into  threesevenfiveten domains of life, as opposed to the five-  familykingdomgenusphylum classification system, which was based more on shared features than genetic similarities.