DNA and protein synthesis GapFill

Proteins are an essential component of organisms as they control most processes performed by the cell. The exact sequence of  carbohydrateslipidsnucleic acidsamino acids that make up a protein is determined by the sequence of genetic material within a cell. Genetic material is stored in a molecule of  DNAglucosephospholipidATP. This molecule is found in the nuclei of cells and is a polymer. The polymer is made up of  fourtwocircularthree strands and forms the classic double helix shape, with C bases always linking to  GAUT.

The sequence of bases, represented on a template, is read by ribosomes, which is where proteins are synthesised. Here, carriers that are specific to a single  proteinbaseamino acidlipid connect to make a specifically shaped protein.

Changes in the structure of the genetic material are called  phenotypestranslationsmutationstranscriptions, and whilst most do not alter the protein made, some can change the shape and function of proteins, which can result in a change in an organism's  plasmotypepleurotypechromotypephenotype.

Furthermore, it is not just changes to the coding DNA that can cause changes - variations to the non-coding DNA can also affect how the enzyme  DNA helicaseamylasecatalaseRNA polymerase binds to bases, which can result in reduced  respirationtranscriptionoxidationtranslation.