Infectious diseases GapFill

 ToxinsMutationsPredatorsPathogens cause communicable disease and can be viruses, bacteria, protists or  toxinsarthropodsfungiinsects. Chalara  ashcedarbirchbeech dieback is a plant disease casing leaf loss and bark lesions, and is  sexually transmittedspread by direct contactwaterborne in natureairborne in nature.

Malaria is a serious disease caused by a protist whose life cycle involves both humans and  mosquitoesspidersgnatswasps, which act as animal vectors. It is widespread across much of the African continent, and results in complications of the  bones and bloodliver and spleenblood and liverbrain and spine. An effective way to reduce transmission is either to prevent these vectors from breeding or to prevent them from biting people by using  socksantibioticsvaccinesnets. 

Some diseases can be transmitted sexually, such as chlamydia, and so we can prevent their spread by using barrier methods of contraception, including  IUDsoral contraceptivescondomssterilisation. Cholera, on the other hand, is spread via contaminated  foodsurfaceswaterair, and the toxins produced by the  plantfungibacteriaprotists involved can lead to severe diarrhoea. These types of diseases may be treated with antibiotics, although unfortunately many strains are now developing  ignoranceresistanceallergensimmunity to these drugs.

 BacterialViralFungalPathogenic diseases are the hardest to control as the pathogens involved reproduce rapidly inside human cells. Some, such as measles, do have  antitoxinsfungicidesantisepticsvaccines available, although many widespread and serious diseases, including AIDS, do not. AIDS develops after  TMVCNSHIVDNA infection from contact with an infected person's bodily fluids, causing the destruction of  red blood cellsliver cellsbrain cellswhite blood cells in the body.