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4. Developing Software GapFill
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There is an increasingly large number of ways in which software can be developed, although they generally follow a common pattern. A programmer writes , which is then processed by a utility program called a . There are several different versions of this utility, but the output is , which can then be run by a computer.
A is one such utility, which works on languages, such as Java, providing an executable application after a single pass. Any errors encountered prevent the process from taking place. A similar utility is an , which works line by line. If there is an error in the code, execution will still take place up to this point. The third example of this utility is an , which works on applications written in low-level languages.
The language in which a developer writes code is where we see a lot of variation. A(n) language application uses mnemonics, such as , to load a value into the accumulator, or , to place a value currently in the accumulator into memory. Typically, one instruction requires one CPU cycle to execute Such instructions are divided into a(n) , which is the instruction to be carried out, and a(n) , which represents the data or memory location to which the instruction will be applied.
Many languages are written in object-oriented languages, which include Java and . These languages derive objects from , which comprise (what is known about each object) and (the actions that can be performed upon each object). Since any number of objects can be derived from such a structure, a sophisticated application can be written with relatively little code. This is in contrast to programming, which tends to focus on the task rather than the data.