Reactions of ions in aqueous solution and Period 3 elements and their oxides GapFill

When dissolved in water, several metals, including some non-transition metals, form  natantsolvahydroaqua complexes. These are almost always   trigonal bipyramidaltetrahedralsquare pyramidaloctahedral, featuring the metal ion surrounded by   fourfiveeightsix water molecules. Some can act as acids in the presence of bases such as NaOH and NH₃, forming metal hydroxide species. If enough protons are lost to make the complex electrically neutral, a solid   perfoliateprecipitateperegrinateperfuncturate forms, whose colour can be used to establish the identity of the metal ion. Metal hydroxides (or any other compound) that can react with both acids and bases are said to be '  hydroxyproticalkacidicamphotericbireactive'.

The only two Period 3 elements from sodium to sulfur that react directly with cold water are  sulfur and aluminiumsodium and magnesiumsodium and aluminiumsulfur and phosphorus. However, when heated with oxygen, all of them undergo   redoxdisproportionationneutralisationelimination reactions. The formula of the highest oxide formed is Na₂O for sodium, MgO for magnesium, Al  6372O  7463 for aluminium, SiO₂ for silicon, P  4583O  95610 for phosphorus, and SO  7438 for sulfur. Sulfur also commonly forms SO₂.