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Aromatic chemistry, amines and polymers GapFill
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Benzene has the molecular formula . Its molecules are flat rings, with each carbon atom contributing one electron from its sub-shell to form a delocalised cloud of electrons above and below the ring. The enthalpy of of benzene is less exothermic than would be expected for three separate double bonds, implying something is making it more stable. Molecules containing a benzene ring are said to be ' ', while the IUPAC prefix for a benzene ring is 'phenyl-'. Benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions, such as nitration and Friedel−Crafts . The products of the latter reaction are .
Amines contain atom with at least one alkyl or aromatic group attached. One method of synthesising aliphatic amines is to react ammonia with .
This is an example of reaction.Polyesters and polyamides are polymers. They are formed from monomers with two functional groups; when the monomers react with one another, a small molecule is released, typically HCl or . Unlike addition polymers, these polymers can be broken down by bacteria (i.e. they are biodegradable) or by hydrolysis.